Passenger railway, Finland

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Background of emission factor

Most of VR’s train routes are electrified, but some individual lines still use diesel locomotives and railbuses. On electrified routes, trains can operate with zero emissions if it runs on electricity produced from fossil-free energy sources. These include, for example, hydropower, wind power, solar power, and nuclear power. The electricity used by VR’s trains is mainly generated from nuclear power. Although diesel-operated sections increase the overall emission factor, traveling by train remains a sustainable mode of transport.

Emission factor category

Using public transport can reduce emissions from mobility. The emission factor for public transport depends significantly on the type of public transport vehicle used. Different public transport vehicles (trains, metros, buses, plains, ships) emit very different amounts of emissions and therefore the emission factors vary.

Passenger railway

Emission factor category / Subcategory Public transport
Country Finland
Organization VR Group
Emission factor 1,20 g/hkm
CO2 / CO2 equivalent CO2e
Quality of the emission factor
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Updated 2025
Source OpenCO2net/ VR Corporate Responsibility Report 2023
More information Tank-to-wheel emission factor. Emission factor also includes emissions from few diesel portions of the rail network. For typical electricity train the use phase emission factor is 0 g CO2e/pkm.Bus service (mainly Pohjolan Liikenne)Train freight of VR.Road logistics of VR. Emissions from Transitary Oy are not included.

Quality of emission factor

5 star5 star5 star5 star5 star

High-quality emission factors verified by an external verifier, usually sourced directly from the supplier (primary data). The factor may be a maximum of 3-5 years old and cover all greenhouse gases (CO2e).

4 star4 star4 star4 star4 star

Unverified primary data factors, as well as new and accurate average factors based on physical quantities. The factor may be a maximum of 3-5 years old.

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Average, based on physical quantities, with one of the following shortcomings: more than 5 years old, only CO2 emissions, or contains many assumptions.

2 star2 star2 star2 star2 star

Inaccurate emission factors based on physical quantities that contain several of the following shortcomings: more than 5 years old, only CO2, or contains many assumptions. The newest, highest-quality spend-based emission coefficients also fall into this category.

1 star1 star1 star1 star1 star

Old and inaccurate spend-based emission factors. Their use in emission calculations should be avoided.

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